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1.
Vulnerability assessment and adaptation to the impacts of sea level rise on the Kingdom of Bahrain 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
S. Al-Jeneid M. Bahnassy S. Nasr M. El Raey 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2008,13(1):87-104
This paper assesses quantitatively the impact of sea level rise (SLR) at the global and regional scale as a result of climate
change (CC) on the coastal areas of the Kingdom of Bahrain’s islands (36 Islands). The standard Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines was modified as appropriate for the situation of the study area. Geographic Information Systems
(GIS) coupled with Remote Sensing (RS) were used as the main techniques of collecting, analyzing, modeling simulating and
disseminating information to build SLR scenarios in a geographically referenced context. Also, these tools were used to assess
vulnerability and risk of the coastal area of the islands with the expectation that coastal planner and government authorities
will profit from integrating these knowledge into a broad based environmental decision making. Three SLR scenarios: low, moderate
and high were developed to examine the impacts from SLR on all islands. The low SLR scenario (Optimistic) assumes a 0.5-m
rise above current sea level, the moderate scenario (Intermediate) assumes a one meter rise, and the high scenario (Pessimistic)
assumes a 1.5 m rise in sea level. Two more SLR scenarios were assumed to perform risk analysis, a 2 and 5 meter rise above
current sea level. The simulation of SLR are quite straightforward, emphasizing on the uses of both of the data that are incorporated
from the satellite images and the created Digital Elevation Model (DEM) to estimate SLR scenarios that are adapted in the
study. These data were used to predict consequences of the possibility of the rise in sea level at different scenarios which
may alter the landuse and patterns of human communities. Results indicate that low-lying coastal areas of Bahrain islands
are at risk from the effects of any SLR resulting from CC. These islands are vulnerable under different SLR Scenarios. More
than 17% of the country total area may be inundated under 1.5 m SLR in 2100. The total area that might be lost under different
sea level scenarios will vary from more than 77 km2 if SLR reaches 0.5 m, to about 100 km2 under 1.0 m SLR and may reach 124 km2 under 1.5 m SLR scenario. The total inundated areas due to risk scenarios will reach 133 km2, if the SLR rises to 2.0 m, and it is estimated to be more than (22%) of the main island total area. Under the second scenario,
if the SLR reaches 5.0 m, the main islands will lose approximately half of its area (47%) equal to 280 km2. Hawar islands group will lose about (30%) of its total area under 2.0 m SLR, which is about 15.5 km2.A SLR adaptation policy framework (APF) and adaptation policy initiatives (APIs) are suggested for planners to build upon
for reducing the likely effects of SLR in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The framework is composed of four steps namely, acquisition
of information, planning and design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation. A general policy framework for a national
response to SLR is suggested. Additionally, a range of policy adaptation options/initiatives to sustain coastal developments
under the likely effects of SLR are recommended. 相似文献
2.
Fatma M. El-Demerdash Ali B. Jebur Hoda M. Nasr 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):593-599
The joint action of pyrethroids, lambda-cyhalothrin (LC) in combination with organophosphates, fenitrothione (FNT) on antioxidant defense system and lipid peroxidation biomarkers in rat testes was studied. The results suggest that incubation of testes homogenate with different concentrations of insecticide mixture for different time intervals significantly decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, like glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and the level of reduced glutathione (GSH). In addition, a significant inhibition in transaminases (AST, ALT), phosphatases (AcP, AlP) activity and protein content were observed. On the other hand, FNT plus LC increased the cellular lipid peroxidation (LPO) level and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). In conclusion, the use of insecticides mixture might cause marked oxidative damage in a concentration and time-dependent manner. 相似文献
3.
Wastewater management in small and medium-sized enterprises representing the chemical and food industries was investigated.
The results showed that wastewater discharged from an ink-production factory was highly contaminated with organic pollutants.
Anaerobic biological treatment followed by chemical coagulation using ferric chloride aided with lime proved to be very effective
and produced an effluent that complied with national regulatory standard for wastewater discharge into public sewage network.
Also, management of wastewater from a confectionery factory representing the food sector was carried out. Aerobic biological
treatment using plastic-packed trickling filter proved to be an effective treatment method. However, application of in-plant
control measures alleviated the requirement for the construction of a wastewater treatment plant. The applied pollution prevention
and cleaner production measures involved good housekeeping, recovery of spent chocolate, modification of floor cleaning and
installation of suction devices for the removal of sugar and starch powders. All improvement measures were documented by cost/benefit
analysis. 相似文献
4.
M. El-Raey O. Frihy S. M. Nasr Kh. Dewidar 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1999,56(2):113-128
An assessment of the impact of sea level rise on the city of Port Said, Egypt has been carried out using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Bruun's is used to estimate horizontal retreat, due to three scenarios of sea level rise, taking into account local subsidence rates. Overlaying horizontal retreat on land use obtained by remote sensing enabled us to estimate possible losses and socio-economic impacts. Results indicate serious physical and socio-economic impacts. It is suggested that protection measures must be carried out with emphasis on building breakwaters along the most vulnerable shoreline area. 相似文献
5.
Making the Business Case for Sustainability: How to Account for Intangible Benefits—A Case Study Approach 下载免费PDF全文
Sustainability is continuing to change the way businesses operate. Stakeholders are insisting that corporations implement more responsible business practices, and they are holding them increasingly accountable for their associated environmental and social impacts. Research has provided significant contributions toward sustainability‐related tools and best practices, allowing sustainability to be integrated even farther across business operations. However, challenges still exist, preventing many companies from fully integrating sustainability. Although intangible benefits are not commonly included in business case assessments, such benefits can be derived through sustainability initiatives and may offer additional value in evaluating the business case for sustainability. In this article, we review current literature on accounting methods for the business case for sustainability as well as currently available methods or tools that are capable of estimating intangible benefits. In addition, we use case studies to illustrate if, and how, companies are accounting for intangible benefits, and we identify best methods for accounting for intangible benefits. 相似文献
6.
Hussien Ahmed Abbas Rabab Ahmed Nasr Rose-Noëlle Vannier Tarek Samir Jamil 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(2):331-342
Nanosized Ba1- xBixFe1-xCuxO3(12–50 nm) with x values of 0, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 system was prepared using the Pechini method. Structural, morphological, surface and optical characterizations were performed for the prepared samples. Cubic phase was the predominant phase for the undoped BaFeO3 and Bi and Cu co-doped BaFeO3 samples. Minor phases of monoclinic Ba2Fe2O5, orthorhombic BaFe 相似文献
7.
Ravel A Marivaux L Tabuce R Adaci M Mahboubi M Mebrouk F Bensalah M 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2011,98(5):397-405
The Afro-Arabian Paleogene fossil record of Chiroptera is very poor. In North Africa and Arabia, this record is limited, thus far, to a few localities mainly in Tunisia (Chambi, late early Eocene), Egypt (Fayum, late Eocene to early Oligocene), and Sultanate of Oman (Taqah, early Oligocene). It consists primarily of isolated teeth or mandible fragments. Interestingly, these African fossil bats document two modern groups (Vespertilionoidea and Rhinolophoidea) from the early Eocene, while the bat fossil record of the same epoch of North America, Eurasia, and Australia principally includes members of the ??Eochiroptera.?? This paraphyletic group contains all primitive microbats excluding modern families. In Algeria, the region of Brezina, southeast of the Atlas Mountains, is famous for the early Eocene El Kohol Formation, which has yielded one of the earliest mammalian faunas of the African landmass. Recent fieldwork in the same area has led to the discovery of a new vertebrate locality, including isolated teeth of Chiroptera. These fossils represent the oldest occurrence of Chiroptera in Africa, thus extending back the record of the group to the middle early Eocene (Ypresian) on that continent. The material consists of an upper molar and two fragments of lower molars. The dental character association matches that of ??Eochiroptera.?? As such, although very fragmentary, the material testifies to the first occurrence of ??Eochiroptera?? in Algeria, and by extension in Africa. This discovery demonstrates that this basal group of Chiroptera had a worldwide distribution during the early Paleogene. 相似文献
8.
Soulwène Kouki Neila Saidi Fadhel M''hiri Houda Nasr Hanène Cherif Hadda Ouzari Abdennaceur Hassen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(10):1699-1708
Autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) have been widely studied in constructed wetlands systems, while mixotrophic AOB have been less thoroughly examined. Heterotrophic bacteria were isolated from wastewater and rhizospheres of macrophytes of constructed wetlands, and then cultivated in a mixotrophic medium containing ammonium and acetic acid. A molecular characterization was accomplished using ITS-PCR amplification, and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Results showed the presence of 35 bacteria, among 400 initially heterotrophic isolates, that were able to remove ammonia. These 35 isolates were classified into 10 genetically different groups based on ITS pattern. Then, a collection of 10 isolates were selected because of their relatively high ammonia removal efficiencies (ARE ≥ 80%) and their phylogenetic diversity. In conditions of mixotrophy, these strains were shown to be able to grow (increase of optical density OD660 during incubation with assimilation of nitrogen into cellular biomass) and to oxidize ammonia (important ammonia oxidation efficiencies, AOE between 79% and 87%). Among these facultative mixotrophic AOB, four isolates were genetically related to Firmicutes (Bacillus and Exiguobacterium), three isolates were affiliated to Actinobacteria (Arthrobacter) and three other isolates were associated with Proteobacteria (Pseudomonas, Ochrobactrum and Bordetella). 相似文献
9.
Fayza A. Nasr Hala S. Doma Hisham S. Abdel-Halim Saber A. El-Shafai 《The Environmentalist》2007,27(2):275-286
Treatment of chemical industrial wastewater from building and construction chemicals factory and plastic shoes manufacturing
factory was investigated. The two factories discharge their wastewater into the public sewerage network. The results showed
the wastewater discharged from the building and construction chemicals factory was highly contaminated with organic compounds.
The average values of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were 2912 and 150 mgO2/l. Phenol concentration up to 0.3 mg/l was detected. Chemical treatment using lime aided with ferric chloride proved to be
effective and produced an effluent characteristics in compliance with Egyptian permissible limits. With respect to the other
factory, industrial wastewater was mixed with domestic wastewater in order to lower the organic load. The COD, BOD values
after mixing reached 5239 and 2615 mgO2/l. The average concentration of phenol was 0.5 mg/l. Biological treatment using activated sludge or rotating biological contactor
(RBC) proved to be an effective treatment system in terms of producing an effluent characteristic within the permissible limits
set by the law. Therefore, the characteristics of chemical industrial wastewater determine which treatment system to utilize.
Based on laboratory results engineering design of each treatment system was developed and cost estimate prepared. 相似文献
10.
The fate and effect of continuous feeding of increasing doses of 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) were investigated. At the beginning of each run, a drop in the efficiency of the system was recorded, after which a steady state was obtained. Continuous feeding of DCP up to a concentration of 50 mg L?1 reduced BOD5 and COD removal rates by 27% and 29%, respectively. Application of shock doses of DCP showed that adaptation increases the capacity of biological systems for removing toxic chemicals. 相似文献